紹介
This extensively revised and expanded edition of van Inwagen and Zimmerman's popular collection of readings in metaphysics now features twenty-two additional selections, new sections on existence and reality, and an updated editorial commentary. * Collects classic and contemporary readings in metaphysics * Answers some of the most puzzling questions about our world and our place in it * Covers an unparalleled range of topics * Now includes a new section on existence and reality, expanded discussions on many classic issues, and an updated editorial commentary
目次
Preface to 2nd Edition. Sources. Introduction: What is metaphysics?. Part I: What Are the Most General Features of the World?:. A. What is existence?. 1. Holes:David Lewis and Stephanie Lewis. 2. On What There Is:W. V. O. Quine. 3. Beyond Being and Nonbeing:Roderick M. Chisholm. B. What is the relationship between an individual and its characteristics?. 4. Universals: an Excerpt from The Problems of Philosophy:Bertrand Russell. 5. Universals as Attributes:. An Excerpt from Universals: an Opinionated Introduction,David M. Armstrong. 6. Universals and Resemblances: Chapter 1 of Thinking and Experience H. H. Price. 7. The Elements of Being:D.C. Williams. 8. The Identity of Indiscernibles:Max Black. 9. Distinct Indiscernibles and the Bundle Theory:Dean W. Zimmerman. C. What is time? What is space?. 10. Time: an Excerpt from The Nature of Existence:J. McT. E. McTaggart. 11. McTaggart's Arguments against the Reality of Time: an Excerpt from Examination of McTaggart's Philosophy. C. D. Broad. 12. The Notion of the Present:A. N. Prior. 13. Changes in Events and Changes in Things:A. N. Prior. 14. The General Problem of Time and Change: an Excerpt from Scientific Thought:C. D. Broad. 15. The Myth of Passage:D. C. Williams. 16. Some Free Thinking about Time:A. N. Prior. 17. The Fourth Dimension: an Excerpt from The Ambidextrous Universe:Martin Gardner. 18. Incongruent Counterparts and Higher Dimensions:James Van Cleve. 19. The Traditional Conception of Space, and the Principle of Extensive Abstraction:. An Excerpt from Scientific Thought:C. D. Broad. 20. Achilles and the Tortoise: Max Black. 21. A Contemporary Look at Zeno's Paradoxes: an Excerpt from Space, Time, and Motion. Wesley C. Salmon. 22. Grasping the Infinite: Jose A. Benardete. 23. The Paradoxes of Time Travel: David Lewis. D. How do Things Persist through Changes of Parts and Properties?. 24. Of Confused Subjects Which Are Equivalent to Two Subjects:. An Excerpt from The Port-Royal Logic:Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole. 25. The Paradox of Increase:Eric T. Olson. 26. Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis:W. V. O. Quine. 27. In Defense of Stages: Postscript B to "Survival and Identity". David Lewis. 28. The Problem of Temporary Intrinsics: an Excerpt from On the Plurality of Worlds. David Lewis. 29. Temporary Intrinsics and Presentism:Dean W. Zimmerman. E. How do Causes Bring about their Effects?. 30. Constant Conjunction: an Excerpt from A Treatise of Human Nature. David Hume. 31. Efficient Cause and Active Power: an Excerpt from Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind. Thomas Reid. 32. Psychological and Physical Causal Laws: an Excerpt from The Analysis of Mind. Bertrand Russell. 33. Causality: an Excerpt from A Modern Introduction to Logic: L. Susan Stebbing. 34. Causality and Determination: G. E. M. Anscombe. Part II: What Is Our Place in the World?:. A. How Are Mind and Body Related?. 35. Which Physical Thing Am I?: an Excerpt from "Is There a Mind-Body Problem?". Roderick M. Chisholm. 36. Personal Identity: a Materialist Account: Sydney Shoemaker. 37. An Argument for Animalism: Eric T. Olson. 38. Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons: Derek Parfit. 39. Personal Identity: the Dualist Theory: Richard Swinburne. 40. The Causal Theory of the Mind: David M. Armstrong. 41. The Puzzle of Conscious Experience: David J. Chalmers. 42. Neutral Monism: an Excerpt from Philosophy: Bertrand Russell. B. Is it Possible for Us to Act Freely?. 43. We Are Never Free: an Excerpt from The System of Nature. Paul-Henri Dietrich, Baron d'Holbach. 44. Free Will as Involving Determination and Inconceivable without It. R. E. Hobart. 45. Freedom, Causation, and Preexistence: an Excerpt from Problems of Mind and Matter. John Wisdom. 46. Human Freedom and the Self: Roderick M. Chisholm. 47. The Consequence Argument: Peter van Inwagen. 48. The Mystery of Metaphysical Freedom: Peter van Inwagen. 49. The Agent as Cause: Timothy O'Connor. 50. Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility: Harry G. Frankfurt. 51. Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person: Harry G. Frankfurt. Part III: Are There Many Worlds?:. A. Are There Worlds Other than the Actual World?. 52. Modal Realism at Work: an Excerpt from On the Plurality of Worlds. David Lewis. 53. Counterparts of Persons and Their Bodies: David Lewis. 54. Identity and Necessity: Saul Kripke. B. Is There More than One Actual World?. 55. After Metaphysics, What?: Hilary Putnam. 56. Truth and Convention: Hilary Putnam. 57. Nonabsolute Existence and Conceptual Relativity: an Excerpt from "Putnam's Pragmatic Realism". Ernest Sosa. 58. Addendum to "Nonabsolute Existence and Conceptual Relativity": Objections and Replies. Ernest Sosa. Part IV: Why Is There a World?:. 59. The Problem of Being: Chapter 3 of Some Problems of Philosophy: William James. 60. Why Anything? Why This?: Derek Parfit. 61. Response to Derek Parfit: Richard Swinburne. 62. The Cosmological Argument: an Excerpt from A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God. Samuel Clarke. 63. The Cosmological Argument and the Principle of Sufficient Reason: William L. Rowe. 64. The Ontological Argument: Chapters II-IV of the Proslogion: St Anselm. 65. Anselm's Ontological Arguments: Norman Malcolm. Index
