紹介
The well-known historian and political scientist Zeev Sternhell here advances a radically new interpretation of the founding of modern Israel. The founders claimed that they intended to create both a landed state for the Jewish people and a socialist society. However, according to Sternhell, socialism served the leaders of the influential labour movement more as a rhetorical resource for the legitimation of the national project of establishing a Jewish state than as a blueprint for a just society. In this thought-provoking book, Sternhell demonstrates how socialist principles were consistently subverted in practice by the nationalist goals to which socialist Zionism was committed.Sternhell explains how the avowedly socialist leaders of the dominant labor party, Mapai, especially David Ben Gurion and Berl Katznelson, never really believed in the prospects of realizing the 'dream' of a new society, even though many of their working-class supporters were self-identified socialists.
The founders of the state understood, from the very beginning, that not only socialism but also other universalistic ideologies like liberalism, were incompatible with cultural, historical, and territorial nationalism. Because nationalism took precedence over universal values, argues Sternhell, Israel has not evolved a constitution or a Bill of Rights, has not moved to separate state and religion, has failed to develop a liberal concept of citizenship, and, until the Oslo accords of 1993, did not recognize the rights of the Palestinians to independence.This is a controversial and timely book, which not only provides useful historical background to Israel's ongoing struggle to mobilize its citizenry to support a shared vision of nationhood, but also raises a question of general significance: is a national movement whose aim is a political and cultural revolution capable of coexisting with the universal values of secularism, individualism, and social justice? This bold critical re-evaluation will unsettle long-standing myths as it contributes to a fresh new historiography of Zionism and Israel.
At the same time, while it examines the past, "The Founding Myths of Israel" reflects profoundly on the future of the Jewish State.
目次
Preface Ch. 1The Primacy of the Nation: Aaron David Gordon and the Ethos of Nation-Building The Negation of the Diaspora What Is a Nation? Nationalism versus Socialism: The Amelioration of Man, Nation, or Society? The Right to the Land: The Power of History Ch. 2The Worker as the Agent of National Resurrection The Heritage of the Second Aliyah The First Stages of the Shift to the Right The Elimination of the Marxist Po'alei Tzion Party The Founding of Ahdut Ha'avoda Experiential Socialism Ch. 3Socialism in the Service of the Nation: Berl Katznelson and "Constructive" Socialism The Legend and the Reality The Nation above All From "Productivist" to Nationalist Socialism Ch. 4Ends and Means: The Labor Ideology and the Histadrut The Bases of Power Taking over the Collective Settlements: The Establishment of the Nir Company The Cult of Discipline and Authority: The Destruction of Gdud Ha'avoda (the Labor Corps) Ch. 5The Triumph of Nationalist Socialism: "From Class to Nation" What Is a Class? The Collaboration with the Middle Classes The Struggle over Workers' Education Ch. 6Democracy and Equality on Trial The Hegemony of the Apparatus and the Poverty of Intellectual Life Oligarchy and Conformism Equality: Principle and Practice The Failure of the Family Wage Class Warfare in the Histadrut Epilogue: From the State-in-the-Making to the Nation-State Notes Glossary Bibliography Index
